“Words may be few, but their meanings are infinite.”
In the same way, visuals may be small, but the knowledge that emerges from them is vast and endless. This is the essence of our series “Gagar Ma Sagar” (An Ocean in a Pot). Welcome to Episode 42: Punya Karma and Paap Karma.
Understanding Punya and Paap – A Universal Language of Religion
If you want to understand any religion in the simplest way, you only need to grasp two key concepts: Punya Karma (virtuous deeds) and Paap Karma (sinful deeds). Every religion agrees on this:
- Do punya, and you’ll attain heaven.
- Do paap, and you’ll fall into hell.
In Jainism, however, these concepts are defined very differently—and much more precisely—than in other religions. Jain philosophy categorizes them with scientific clarity that’s rarely seen elsewhere.
Even the divisions within Jainism—Sthanakvasi, Deravasi, Digambar, and Terapanthi—stem largely from differing interpretations of punya and paap. If we define these strictly based on Agam scriptures, there would be no room for confusion or disagreement.
Misconceptions About Sin
Many people believe that if you lie for someone’s benefit, it’s not a sin. But this is a misconception. According to Jainism, a lie is a lie, no matter the intention. Any benefit is temporary; ultimately, lying brings harm.
Even Tirthankars, such as Lord Mahavir and Lord Rishabhdev, were not exempt from the consequences of karma. Lord Mahavir endured physical pain—nails driven into his ears and other hardships—because of karmic consequences. Lord Rishabhdev, despite being the first Tirthankar and acting out of compassion, once gave instructions to tie oxen’s mouths without telling people to untie them later. The oxen went hungry, leading to karmic consequences: for 12 months, Rishabhdev did not receive food while begging.
This highlights a central Jain teaching: a sin remains a sin, no matter the intent.
Defining Punya and Paap Scientifically
- Punya Karma: Any karma that results in pleasure, comfort, and favorable conditions for the soul.
- Paap Karma: Any karma that results in suffering, obstacles, or unfavorable conditions for the soul.
“Punyoti iti punyam” – That which purifies the soul is called punya.
“Patayati atmanam iti paapam” – That which leads the soul toward downfall and misery is paap.
The 9 Types of Punya Karma
- Anna Punya – Giving food to others
- Paan Punya – Offering water to the thirsty
- Layan Punya – Giving a place to sit
- Shayan Punya – Providing a place to sleep, a bed, or shelter
- Vastra Punya – Donating clothes to those in need
- Man Punya – Wishing well for others through positive thoughts
- Vachan Punya – Speaking kind, respectful, and encouraging words
- Kaay Punya – Helping physically (e.g., assisting someone across the street)
- Namaskar Punya – Offering heartfelt reverence, saying “Jai Jinendra,” or reciting sacred mantras like the Navkar Mantra
The 18 Types of Paap Karma
- Pranatipaat – Violence
- Mrushavad – Lying
- Adattadan – Stealing
- Maithun – Sexual misconduct
- Parigrah – Material attachment
Four Kashays (passions):
6. Krodh – Anger
7. Maan – Pride
8. Maya – Deceit
9. Lobh – Greed
Two major inner defects:
10. Raag – Attachment
11. Dvesh – Hatred
Four types of verbal sins:
12. Klesh – Quarreling
13. Abhiyakhyan – False accusations
14. Paishunya – Gossip and slander
15. Parparivaad – Arguing or unnecessary debates
Three grave internal sins:
16. Rati-Arati – Boredom or disinterest in religion
17. Maya Mrushavad – Betrayal or false friendship
18. Mithyatva – Delusion and blind belief
Each of these sins can be committed in 9 ways:
- By thought, speech, or action
- By doing, encouraging, or approving
So 18 sins × 9 = 162 ways to bind negative karma—classified only in Jainism with such detail.
Two Types of Punya
- Punya that binds more punya: For example, using your wealth for charity.
- Punya that binds paap: Using good fortune for indulgence, luxury, and immoral behavior.
The Role of Renunciation
In Samayik (Jain meditation), one declares:
“Na Karemi, Na Karavemi, Na Hii Anumodemi”
(I will not do, cause, or approve of sinful acts—by mind, speech, or body.)
Renouncing these 18 types of sins in thought, word, and deed is the essence of Jain discipline and the path to liberation.
🧘♂️ Conclusion: Punya and Paap Are the Foundations of the Soul’s Journey
In Jainism, Punya and Paap are not just moral categories—they are precise forces that shape the soul’s experience across lifetimes. They’re not rewards or punishments from a god, but automatic results of our own actions. Understanding this science empowers us to lead conscious, responsible, and liberating lives.
Whether you’re on the spiritual path or simply seeking clarity, this understanding of karma is the key to inner transformation. Let every moment, thought, and deed become a step toward your soul’s upliftment.